TOP 7 INTERESTING THING ABOUT THE DEEPEST PLACE ON EARTH - MARIANA TRENCH

The Mariana Trench is known as the deepest sea area in the world discovered by humans to date. Not only impressing with the record depth of more than 10,000 meters, the Mariana ravine also makes people "surprised" by the life that exists there. In this article, we will explore: "What's underneath the Mariana Trench - the deepest sea in the world"?

Monday, June 26, 2023

1. The Mariana Trench was first discovered in the 19th century

TOP 7 INTERESTING THING ABOUT THE DEEPEST PLACE ON EARTH - MARIANA TRENCH

The Mariana Trench was first discovered in 1858 by a ship of the Royal Navy called "HMS Challenger". However, it was not until 1951 that the Challenger II made its initial surveys of the deepest place on earth. Using sound wave technology at that time, it was estimated that the bottom of the Mariana Trench was about 10,900 meters deep and this end point was also named after the ship that discovered it - the Challenger abyss. . The Mariana Trench is the deepest natural trench in the world. Located in the Pacific Ocean, the Mariana Trench forms a large crescent-shaped depression on the seafloor in the vicinity of the island of Mariana, after which it is named.

The Earth's deepest point is the Challenger Deep located in the Mariana Trench. The Challenger Deep has a depth of 10.99m under the ocean. The third following point in the world is Sirena Deep located in the Mariana Trench. The Mariana Trench was formed by the collision of two tectonic plates (large floating plates of the Earth's outer crust). The collision left the older and larger Pacific Plate under the Mariana Plate. The impact formed a crescent-shaped trench on the seafloor and a chain of nearby islands (the Mariana Islands or the Marianas). The islands were formed by volcanic eruptions caused by the violent release of water by the Pacific Plate.

2. Where is the Mariana Trench located?

A sea that is too harsh and it seems that there will not be any signs of life. However, human expeditions to the Mariana pool have opened up unimaginable discoveries about life on the ocean floor. The Mariana is the deepest trench on Earth ever recorded. The lowest point of this trench is also the deepest place in the Earth's crust. The Mariana Trench is located in the western Pacific Ocean and lies 200 km east of the island of Mariana. The deepest point of the trench - Challenger Deep is located about 320km southwest of the US territory of Guam. You can find the location of the Mariana Trench on Google Maps.

The Mariana Trench, also known as the Mariabena Trench or the Mariana Basin, is the deepest oceanic trench on Earth, and its deepest point is the deepest in the Earth's crust. It lies on the bottom of the northwestern Pacific Ocean, east of the Mariana Islands. The deepest point has coordinates 11°21' North and 142°12' East. The Mariana Trench extends close to Japan. This trench is the boundary where two tectonic plates meet, the subduction zone where the Pacific Plate is subducted under the Philippine Plate. The trench is about 2,550 km (1,580 mi) long but has an average width of only about 69 km (43 mi). The bottom of this trench is below sea level by a much greater distance than Mount Everest is above sea level. The Mariana Trench is located on the bottom of the northwestern Pacific Ocean, east of the Mariana Islands, extending as far as Japan.

3. How deep is the Mariana Trench?

The Mariana Trench is about 2,550 km (1,580 mi) long but is only about 69 km (43 mi) wide on average. If the figure of 11,034 meters is not enough to give you an image of the terrible depths of the Mariana, think of the highest mountain Everest (8,849 m) in the world. Suppose you drop this Everest into the Mariana abyss, it will be "swallowed" and sink at least 1000 meters below the water!

The Earth's deepest point is the Challenger Deep located in the Mariana Trench. The Challenger Deep has a depth of 10.99m under the ocean. The third following point in the world is Sirena Deep located in the Mariana Trench. The distance between the bottom of the Mariana Trench and the sea level is much greater than the height of Mount Everest - the highest mountain in the world. Specifically, the maximum depth of the Mariana Trench is 10,971m below sea level. If you put all of Mount Everest (8,848m) on the bottom of this cliff, the top of the mountain will be more than 2,000m above the sea surface.

The depth of the abyss is about to equal the height of civil aircraft flying in the sky. The deepest part of the Mariana Trench has been named the Challenger abyss after the British Royal Navy ship Challenger II, which measured the area in 1951. At the bottom of the abyss, the water pressure is about 1,086 bar (1,071). atm) is 1,000 times higher than standard atmospheric pressure at sea level. The bottom temperature of the trench ranges from 1 to 4 degrees Celsius.

4. The greatest depth of the Mariana Trench accessible to humans

During the first Challenger expedition, the depth of the Mariana Trench was measured with a weighted acoustic string. In 1951 the depth was measured again. This time the expedition was carried out aboard the British naval survey ship Challenger II and used more accurate echosounding sonar. After diving into the Mariana Trench at the deepest depth (10,927m), Victor Vescovo - a retired marine, has become a special historical figure when he holds the record for the deepest diving in the world's deepest sea. - Mariana Trench. Until now, he still holds the record for operating the deepest diving submarine in the world.

Only 4 people in the world have ever had the chance to set foot on the bottom of the Mariana abyss. The material collected is extremely important in discovering life and natural phenomena on the ocean floor. 1960: Two pioneer explorers to the Mariana lagoon were engineer Jacques Piccard (Sweden) and Navy captain Donald Walsh (USA). 2012: The dive is remade by a film director named James Cameron. 2019: A submarine called Limiting Factor went down to the Challenger Deep four times and the Sirena Deep once as part of the Five Deeps expedition. In two dives, including a record-breaking dive to a depth of 10,928m, performed by ocean explorer Victor Vescovo alone. Several unmanned underwater vehicles have been put into service to explore the Mariana Trench, including Kaiko in 1996 and Nereus in 2009.

5. Life is "utopian" in the deepest sea in the world

In an environment as harsh and dark as the Mariana Trench, people still find many signs of life. All the creatures that exist here have strangely evolved to adapt to the environment. A total of 4,700 living organisms have been found in the world's deepest seas, many of which exist in the depths of the ocean. Some creatures have huge eyes to easily catch light. Some other species completely abolished the function of vision, instead strongly evolving the sense of touch to sense prey. Some creatures have the ability to glow on their own to attract prey to come.

Since there is no sunlight on the ocean floor, plants cannot photosynthesize, so they cannot survive. The food source of the creatures living in the Mariana abyss is very poor, mainly relying on the decomposing carcasses of fish and shrimp in the upper water layer drifting down. All cells in animals living in the Mariana basin are covered by a membrane of fat. The membrane is in liquid form and has the ability to transmit nerve signals for metabolism from the inside out.

6. Giant virus discovered in the Mariana Trench

One strange thing that humans find when exploring the life at the bottom of the Mariana abyss are single-celled entities. It is a giant virus larger than bacteria, named Mimivirus. Mimiviruses were once mistaken for bacteria because they are so large, the body can sometimes reach 700 nanometers in diameter, even visible to the naked eye. Not only that, Mimivirus also has a particularly complex genome with more than 1.2 million base pairs, more than any virus ever found.

Some scientists speculate that Mimivirus has "evolved backwards" from bacteria to viruses. But why they retain reproductive function in their genes is still a difficult mystery to explain. Through the outbreak of the Covid-19 epidemic, the world is more concerned about the safety of collecting and researching viruses in the wild. However, the scientific community believes that the best way for humans to protect themselves from epidemic disasters is to understand the unknown species. The life of all living things on this Earth originated and evolved from the life on the seabed. Therefore, the study of single-celled organisms and bacteria in the Mariana Trench could bring us closer to the opportunity to find the origin of human birth.

7. The sound "terrifying" under the Mariana abyss

The strange sound was recorded at a depth of 10,000 meters in the Mariana Trench. For humans, the Mariana rift is "dark" in both literal and figurative terms, it is also likened to the "hell" of the Earth. The appearance of modern exploration devices has brought back many important information indicating life under the Mariana "hell" slot. In it, there are "terrifying" discoveries that make many oceanographers really "shocked". Especially the appearance of a series of mysterious sounds emanating from the bottom of the Mariana abyss.

After the recording was released, many UFO theorists believed it was the sound of "alien" activities hiding in the harsh environment of the Earth. There are also many comments that the expedition team confused the sounds with human activities under the sea and seismic activity. However, through many screening analyzes, these mysterious sounds have not been found. If indeed this sound comes from the bottom of the Mariana abyss, we have absolutely no reason to believe in the existence of a "giant" life from prehistoric times at the bottom of the abyss, where even viruses - Single-celled organisms are visible to the naked eye!

The discovery of the Mariana Trench has made people understand the unimaginable limit of life. That also entails a series of rich fantasies and inferences about what is happening under the ocean. Is there a completely different world inside the "hell" of the Earth? Is the existence of ancient giant creatures still "dwelling" in places that are difficult for humans to set foot on? Is the Challenger Abyss the deepest ocean floor? Be sure to stay tuned to continue your exploration of the mysteries of the ocean floor!

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